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Minimal Energy: Herdecke im Modell von schräg oben

シミュレーション · Minimal Energy · Heat and storage

Herdecke

Three generations of storage at Lake Hengstey as a walkable model: the Koepchenwerk of 1930, the pumped-storage plant of 1989 and batteries since 2017 – the level in the reservoir follows sun, wind and demand.

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Real are terrain and buildings (Geobasis NRW, OpenStreetMap) and the three generations of storage with capacity and years. In the model the level in the upper reservoir follows the fill of pumped storage in NRW; penstocks and waterways are schematic. With your data the model shows more, such as real reservoir levels, pumping and generating hours or how the batteries are used on the grid.

How does a pumped-storage plant work? At Lake Hengstey in Herdecke three generations of storage sit side by side: the Koepchenwerk of 1930, one of Germany’s first large pumped-storage plants, the pumped-storage plant of 1989 and batteries since 2017. When power is plentiful, water is pumped into the upper reservoir on the hill; when it is needed, it flows back through the penstocks into the turbines.

The upper reservoir holds about 1.5 million m³ of working water, 145 to 166 m above the turbines. The 1989 plant has 162 MW of turbine and 154 MW of pump capacity and reaches full output in under two minutes; of 100 units stored, about 75 come back. Batteries respond within seconds and support the grid frequency – one of them, since December 2021, is made of 60 used electric-car batteries.

Add two run-of-river plants on the Ruhr and the 417 MW Cuno combined-cycle gas plant, which steps in when storage and run-of-river are not enough. The event ‘Pumped storage by day’ plays a sunny day: at noon the level rises, in the evening it falls. For everyone who plans, operates or explains storage: operators and grid planners, municipalities, chambers and associations, schools, universities and museums.

The chain of the place

  1. 01

    Upper reservoir: The store sits on top of the hill: a basin full of water about 150 m above the Ruhr.

  2. 02

    Pump and generate: When there is too much power, the plant pumps water up; when power is needed, it runs back through the turbine.

  3. 03

    The first plant: The 1930 Koepchenwerk used four penstocks on the slope; it has been idle since 1994 and is a monument.

  4. 04

    Batteries: Batteries respond within seconds; one is made of used car batteries.

  5. 05

    Run-of-river: The run-of-river plant at Lake Hengstey delivers steadily as long as the Ruhr flows.

  6. 06

    Gas for peaks: The Cuno gas plant steps in when storage and run-of-river are not enough.

What is shown – why – for whom

表示内容 なぜ 対象
Event ‘Pumped storage by day’ なぜshows pumping at noon and generating in the evening, with the level rising and falling 対象Teaching, the public
Diagram ‘A day on the grid’ なぜshows demand, generation, storage and imports over 24 hours 対象Grid planning, universities
Diagram ‘Capacity and output’ なぜsets installed capacity against generated output by source 対象Energy industry, associations
Diagram ‘Who supplies first’ なぜshows in which order the plants step in by cost 対象Students, planning
Diagram ‘Every plant from construction to demolition’ なぜshows operation, standstill and dismantling of every plant, from the Koepchenwerk to the batteries 対象Museums, communications
Storage view なぜshows the fill level as bars, green charges, orange discharges 対象Operations, teaching
Values at the plants なぜname every plant with its output now, CO₂ and state 対象Operators, exhibitions

Facilities and areas in the model

  • Oberbecken

    About 1.5 million m³ of working water on the hill, 145 to 166 m above the turbines. When power is plentiful, water is pumped up; when it is needed, it flows back down.

  • Koepchenwerk

    One of Germany's first large pumped-storage plants: 132 MW from 1930, four machine sets and four penstocks down the slope. Damaged in 1980, listed monument in 1986, shut down on 1 August 1994.

  • Druckrohre des Koepchenwerks

    Four pipes carry the water from the upper reservoir to the turbines and back when pumping. They still stand today.

  • Pumpspeicherkraftwerk Herdecke

    The successor since 1989: turbine 162 MW, pump 154 MW, full output in under two minutes. Of 100 units stored, about 75 come back.

  • Wasserweg Pumpspeicherkraftwerk

    Underground from the intake in the upper reservoir to the shaft. Position from OpenStreetMap, flow direction by pumping or generating.

  • Batteriespeicher Herdecke

    6.25 MW since July 2017: batteries respond within seconds and support the grid frequency. Figures from OpenStreetMap.

  • Second-Life-Batterie

    6.08 MW since December 2021 from 60 used electric-car batteries (about 4.5 MWh): a second life as grid storage.

  • Laufwasserkraftwerk Hengstey

    3 × 1.1 MW at the Lake Hengstey weir, about 13 million kWh a year, steady with the flow of the Ruhr. Operated by the Ruhrverband since 2022.

  • Ruhr am Wehr Hengstey

    Ruhr water flows through the turbines and over the weir on towards Lake Harkort. Route schematic.

  • Laufwasserkraftwerk Stiftsmühle

    1.89 MW on the Ruhr since 1930 (figures from OpenStreetMap).

  • Gas-und-Dampf-Kraftwerk Herdecke (Cuno)

    417 MW since autumn 2007: gas turbine 270 MW and steam turbine 147 MW. It runs when wind and sun fall short and storage is empty.

  • Cuno-Kraftwerk (Kohle)

    The old hard-coal plant on the site ran from 1908 to 2004. Chimney 220 m according to OpenStreetMap; attribution to the old plant is assumed.

Processes in the model

The chain of the place

  1. 01Upper reservoir: The store sits on top of the hill: a basin full of water about 150 m above the Ruhr.
  2. 02Pump and generate: When there is too much power, the plant pumps water up; when power is needed, it runs back through the turbine.
  3. 03The first plant: The 1930 Koepchenwerk used four penstocks on the slope; it has been idle since 1994 and is a monument.
  4. 04Batteries: Batteries respond within seconds; one is made of used car batteries.
  5. 05Run-of-river: The run-of-river plant at Lake Hengstey delivers steadily as long as the Ruhr flows.
  6. 06Gas for peaks: The Cuno gas plant steps in when storage and run-of-river are not enough.

One day

  1. 01“Play the day”
  2. 02the sun moves, wind and demand change every hour
  3. 03the stacks above the plants grow and shrink
  4. 04storage charges and discharges

Fifty years

  1. 01▶ at the year (time travel)
  2. 021975
  3. 031992
  4. 042010
  5. 052025
  6. 06plants appear, run, are shut down and dismantled; the history of the place jumps to every year

How a storage site can use the model

  • Operations and planning

    Pumped storage, batteries, run-of-river and a gas plant in one place: the model shows who delivers when – batteries within seconds, the pumped-storage plant in under two minutes, the gas plant when storage is empty.

    対象Operators, grid and storage planning

  • Municipality and region

    Storage at the lake, a monument on the slope, the water of the Ruhr: the picture shows the site as a whole, with terrain, routes and plants – a basis for talks about land and expansion.

    対象Municipalities, economic development, chambers and associations

  • Schools and universities

    How much power is lost in storage? Of 100 units stored, about 75 come back. The steps of ‘How it works’ lead from the upper reservoir through pumping and generating to batteries and run-of-river.

    対象Teachers, pupils, energy engineering students

  • Museums and monuments

    The 1930 Koepchenwerk used four penstocks on the slope that still stand today; it became a listed monument in 1986 and was shut down in 1994. Time travel shows 1975, 1992, 2010 and 2025: when the coal plant goes and the batteries come.

    対象Museums, heritage conservation, industrial heritage

  • Public communication

    What does the lake on the hill do? The event ‘Pumped storage by day’ shows how water is pumped at noon and power generated in the evening, with the fill level on the right.

    対象Public relations, guided tours, neighbours

What you can change

Controls

  • Year 1975–2025: plants appear and disappear, mix and grid change; ▶ lets the years run.
  • Season: snow, foliage, meadows, chimney smoke; more heat and power demand in winter, more sun in summer.
  • Time of day: sun position, dusk, night with windows and street lights; demand follows the daily profile.
  • Wind: rotors turn faster, sea state, smoke plumes lie flat; wind power rises, curtailment in a storm.
  • Sun: clouds and soft shadows; photovoltaics deliver more or less.
  • Demand (households, industry): more lit windows, plant lighting, chimney smoke; more expensive plants step in.
  • Views: power, heat, fuels, storage, CO₂ – each with its own columns, stacks and values.

Events

  • Pumped storage by day: Sunny day in Herdecke, the day plays: at noon the plant pumps water into the upper basin, in the evening it flows back through the turbines. Look for: the level in the basin rises and falls, the fill level on the right.
  • Winter evening without wind or sun (tiles): Season winter, evening, calm, overcast: demand peaks, the stacks above wind and solar shrink, fossil plants, storage and imports carry the load.
  • Stormy night (tiles): Night, gale, low demand: wind delivers more than is needed, storage charges, surplus is curtailed or exported.

What the model gives a storage site

  • 01

    Storage you can see

    Upper reservoir, penstocks, waterway and turbines in 3D: play the day and the level in the reservoir rises and falls with sun, wind and demand.

  • 02

    Three generations side by side

    1930, 1989, 2017 and 2021: Koepchenwerk, pumped-storage plant, battery storage and second-life battery stand at the same lake – the history of technology in one picture.

  • 03

    Play through situations

    Winter evening without wind or sun, stormy night with surplus, sunny day: the tiles set each situation, and the stacks show what delivers and what charges.

  • 04

    Diagrams calculated live

    ‘A day on the grid’, ‘Who supplies first’, ‘Capacity and output’ and the diagrams of the place update while the day runs.

  • 05

    In the browser and on the big screen

    A browser is enough, and large projections work too. Eleven more places and the map of Germany are part of the same model, designed by an artist and developer.

Your storage site as a model

Would you like to show your pumped-storage plant, your batteries or your whole site this way, with real levels and schedules? Write to us or give us a call, and we will discuss which data the model needs. We will send you the password to the simulation on request.

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Basis and limits

Real are terrain and buildings (Geobasis NRW, OpenStreetMap) and the three generations of storage with capacity and years. In the model the level in the upper reservoir follows the fill of pumped storage in NRW; penstocks and waterways are schematic.

Public sources the model is based on:

  • Geobasis NRW (dl-de/zero-2.0)
  • OpenStreetMap-Mitwirkende (ODbL)
  • OPSD; Wikipedia: Liste stillgelegter Kraftwerke (sekundär)
  • Wikipedia: Liste von Pumpspeicherkraftwerken (sekundaer)

More places in the model

← Minimal Energy

Real are terrain and buildings (Geobasis NRW, OpenStreetMap) and the three generations of storage with capacity and years. In the model the level in the upper reservoir follows the fill of pumped storage in NRW; penstocks and waterways are schematic. With your data the model shows more, such as rea…